Allometry of diet selectivity in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)1

نویسندگان

  • Ernest R. Keeley
  • James W.A. Grant
چکیده

Juvenile salmonids in streams typically feed on larger invertebrates than the average size available in the drift. Our objective was to describe the allometry of this size-selective foraging in juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar of Catamaran Brook, New Brunswick. We compared paired samples of the stomach contents of 46 salmon (age 0+ to 2+; fork length 2.9–14.5 cm) with drift samples collected from their feeding territories. Juvenile salmon fed opportunistically on all major types of invertebrates in the drift, except for water mites (Hydracarina). However, newly emerged salmon fed on smaller prey than the average available in the drift, primarily chironomid larvae, whereas salmon larger than 4.6 cm fed on larger prey than average, primarily dipteran adults and pupae. Larger salmon ate larger prey. Minimum prey length in stomachs was well predicted by gill raker spacing, but mean prey width was only one third of the optimal size and maximum prey width was much less than mouth width. The allometry of prey size appeared to be related primarily to an increase in size-selective foraging with increasing body size, rather than to morphological constraints. Juvenile Atlantic salmon in our study ate smaller prey than similar-sized salmonids in other studies. Résumé : Les salmonidés juvéniles dans les cours d’eau se nourrissent typiquement d’invertébrés de taille plus grande que la taille moyenne disponible dans la dérive. Notre objectif était de décrire cette allométrie dans ce broutage sélectif en fonction de la taille chez le saumon atlantique juvénile (Salmo salar) du ruisseau Catamaran, au Nouveau-Brunswick. Nous avons comparé des échantillons variés de contenu stomacal de 46 saumons (âge 0+ à 2+; longueur à la fourche 2,9–14,5 cm) avec des échantillons de dérive prélevés dans leur territoire d’alimentation. Le saumon juvénile s’alimente de manière opportuniste de tous les principaux types d’invertébrés présents dans la dérive, à l’exception des hydrachnes (Hydracarina). Toutefois, les saumons nouvellement émergés s’alimentaient de proies dont la taille était plus petite que la taille moyenne des organismes disponibles dans la dérive, principalement des larves de chironomidés, tandis que les saumons de taille supérieure à 4,6 cm prélevaient des proies de taille plus grande que la moyenne, principalement des adultes et des pupes de diptères. Les saumons de plus grande taille consommaient des proies de plus grande taille. La longueur minimale des proies dans les estomacs pouvait être prédite efficacement par l’espacement du peigne branchial, mais la largeur moyenne des proies n’était que le tiers de la taille optimale et la largeur maximale des proies était de beaucoup inférieure à la largeur de la bouche. L’allométrie touchant la taille des proies semble être liée principalement à une augmentation du broutage sélectif en fonction de la taille, plutôt qu’à des contraintes morphologiques. Les saumons atlantiques juvéniles de notre étude ont consommé des proies plus petites que celles qui étaient consommées par des salmonidés de taille semblable dans d’autres études. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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تاریخ انتشار 1997